Model Pemberdayaan Masyarakat “GEBRAK” dalam Optimalisasi Partisipasi Remaja pada Voluntary Counseling and Test di Yogyakarta
Abstrak
Tingginya stigma dan diskriminasi terhadap upaya pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh pemahaman masyarakat yang kurang tepat tentang HIV/AIDS. Hal inilah yang melatarbelakangi munculnya inovasi pemberdayaan masyarakat bernama GEBRAK (Gerakan Bersama Kader). Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh GEBRAK terhadap partisipasi remaja pada VCT (Voluntary Counseling and Test). Penelitian eksperimen posttest only group control design dilakukan pada 50 remaja Desa Sinduadi sebagai kelompok perlakuan dan 50 remaja Desa Sendangadi sebagai kelompok kontrol pada April hingga September 2019. Ada dua tahapan GEBRAK, yaitu pembentukan SETIA (Satgas Remaja Tanggap HIV/AIDS) di tingkat desa melalui remaja perwakilan dusun. Selanjutnya, pelaksanaan edukasi masyarakat, baik di tingkat dusun maupun desa. Rangkaian acaranya yaitu senam zumba, talkshow HIV/AIDS, serta VCT gratis. Setelah intervensi diberikan, dilakukan posttest berupa pelaksanaan VCT pada kedua kelompok. Pengumpulan data melalui master tabel keikutsertaan VCT, dan dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney u test. Hasilnya, ada perbedaan partisipasi VCT antara remaja Desa Sinduadi dan remaja Desa Sendangadi atau ada pengaruh inovasi GEBRAK (Gerakan Bersama Kader) terhadap partisipasi remaja pada VCT (nilai Asymp.Sig < 0.05). GEBRAK telah disepakati oleh Dinas Kesehatan, Puskesmas, Kecamatan, dan Desa sebagai program percepatan Getting to Three Zeroes: Zero New HIV Infection, Zero AIDS Related Death, dan Zero Stigma and Discrimination.
Referensi
2. Kemenkes, RI. Laporan Perkembangan HIV-AIDS dan IMS Triwulan I Tahun 2018; 2018. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Jakarta
3. Data Kasus HIV AIDS DI. Yogyakarta Periode 1993-2018
4. Profil Kesehatan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sleman 2017
5. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2013 Tentang Penanggulangan HIV dan AIDS
6. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 74 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Konseling dan Tes HIV
7. Kang’ethe SM. Exploring Feminization of HIV/AIDS and Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) with examples from Botswana and South Africa, Journal of Human Ecology; 2013
8. Aderemi TJ, Mac-Seing M, Woreta SA, Mati KA. Predictors of voluntary HIV counselling and testing services utilization among people with disabilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.AIDS Care. 2014; 26(12): 1461-1466
9. Apanga PA, Akparibo R, Awoonor-Williams JK. Factors influencing uptake of voluntary counselling and testing services for HIV/AIDS in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality (LMKM) in the Eastern Region of Ghana: a cross-sectional household survey. Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition. 2015; 33: 1-7
10. Sanga Z, Kapanda G, Msuya S, Mwangi R. Factors influencing the uptake of Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing among secondary school students in Arusha City, Tanzania: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2015; 15(1): 1-9
11. Teklehaimanot HD, Teklehaimanot A, Yohannes M, Biratu D. Factors influencing the uptake of voluntary HIV counseling and testing in rural Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2016; 16(1): 1-13
12. Mudzofar, A. 13 Kader Peduli AIDS Dikukuhkan; 2016. diakses pada tanggal 25 Februari 2018 dari http://www.krjogja.com/web/news/read/18575/13_Kader_Peduli_AIDS_Dikukuhkan
13. Mulyawan, I.K. Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Kader Peduli AIDS (KPA) Dalam Layanan Komprehensif HIV Berkesinambungan (LKB) di Kota Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat; 2014. diakses pada tanggal 25 Februari 2018 dari http://www.kebijakanaidsindonesia.net/id/artikel/artikel-kontribusi/913-pemberdayaanmasyarakat-melalui-kader-peduli-aids-kpa-dalam-layanan-komprehensif-hivberkesinambungan-lkb-di-kota-mataram-nusa-tenggara-barat
14. Sri, L. Kelurahan Sukabakti Melibatkan Kader Posyandu dalam Penanggulangan HIV AIDS; 2016. diakses pada tanggal 25 Februari 2018 dari http://www.kpakabtangerang.or.id/2016/03/16/kelurahan-sukabakti-melibatkan-kaderposyandu-dalam-penanggulangan-hiv-aids/
15. Tarta. Kader Posyandu Dilibatkan Penanggulangan HIV/AIDS; 2015. diakses pada tanggal 25 Februari 2018 dari http://poskotanews.com/2015/11/23/kader-posyandu-dilibatkanpenanggulangan-hivaids/
16. Widiyanto D. Peduli HIV, Kader di Dusun Bayen Kalasan Dibentuk; 2018. diakses pada tanggal 10 Agustus 2018 dari http://www.krjogja.com/web/news/read/74282/Peduli_HIV_Kader_di_Dusun_Bayen_Kalasan_Dibentuk
17. Sismulyanto, Supriyanto, S., Nursalam. Modele to Reduce HIV Related Stigma among Indonesian Nurses, International Journal of Public Health Science. 2015; 4(3): 184-191
18. Matković Puljić V, Kosanović Ličina, ML, Kavić M, Nemeth Blažić T. Repeat HIV Testing at Voluntary Testing and Counseling Centers in Croatia: Successful HIV Prevention or Failure to Modify Risk Behaviors? PLoS ONE. 2014; 9(4): 1-8
19. Cawley C, Wringe A, Slaymaker E, Todd J, Michael D, Kumugola Y, Urassa M, Zaba B. The impact of voluntary counselling and testing services on sexual behaviour change and HIV incidence: observations from a cohort study in rural Tanzania. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2014; 14(1): 1-26
20. Witzel TC, Lora W, Lees S, Desmond N. Uptake contexts and perceived impacts of HIV testing and counselling among adults in East and Southern Africa: A meta-ethnographic review. PLoS ONE. 2017; 12(2): 1-16
21. Woldeyohannes D, Asmamaw Y, Sisay S, Hailesselassie W, Birmeta K, Tekeste Z. Risky HIV sexual behavior and utilization of voluntary counseling and HIV testing and associated factors among undergraduate students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2017; 17(1):1-10
22. Mehra B, Bhattar S, Bhalla P, Rawat D. HIV/AIDS Awareness among VCT Clients: A Cross-Sectional Study from Delhi, India. BioMed Research International. 2014; 1-8
23. Bowen P, Govender R, Edwards P, Cattell K. HIV testing of construction workers in the Western Cape, South Africa. AIDS Care. 2015; 27(9): 1150-1155
24. Fikadie G, Bedimo M, Alamrew Z. Prevalence of Voluntary Counseling and Testing Utilization and Its Associated Factors among Bahirdar University Students. Advances in Preventive Medicine. 2014; 1-9
25. Daniels J, Komárek A, Makusha T, Van Heerden A, Gray G, Chingono A, Mbwambo JKK, Coates T, Richter L. Effects of a Community Intervention on HIV Prevention Behaviors among Men Who Experienced Childhood Sexual or Physical Abuse in Four African Settings: Findings from NIMH Project Accept (HPTN 043). PLoS ONE. 2014; 9(6): 1-7
Please find the rights and licenses in Jurnal Ilmiah Bidan (JIB). By submitting the article/manuscript of the article, the author(s) agree with this policy. No specific document sign-off is required.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
2. Author(s)' Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User/Public Rights
JIB's spirit is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, JIB permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and JIB on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications. Unless otherwise stated, the authors are public entities as soon as their articles got published.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights;
- Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- The right to reproduce the article for own purposes,
- The right to self-archive the article (please read out deposit policy),
- The right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal (Jurnal Ilmiah Bidan).
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any authors submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. JIB will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. JIB will only communicate with the corresponding author.
6. Royalties
Being an open accessed journal and disseminating articles for free under the Creative Commons license term mentioned, author(s) aware that JIB entitles the author(s) to no royalties or other fees.
7. Miscellaneous
JIB will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed. JIB's editors may modify the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers as mentioned in point 3.
